Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) is very common in Singapore. It not only affects the elderly but also young adults. Factors such as prolonged screen time, air-conditioned environments, and underlying health conditions contribute to its rise in the region.
🔍 Understanding Dry Eye Syndrome
Common symptoms include:
Persistent dryness or irritation
Burning or stinging sensations
Foreign body feeling (e.g., sensation of sand in the eyes)
Redness and tired eyes
In Singapore, environmental factors like high humidity, air-conditioning, and extensive screen exposure exacerbate these symptoms.
🩺 Diagnostic Approaches
Ophthalmologists in Singapore employ various diagnostic tools to assess DES:
Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT): Evaluates the stability of the tear film.
Schirmer Test: Measures tear production.
Ocular Surface Staining: Detects damage to the corneal and conjunctival epithelium.
Meibography: Assesses the structure and function of meibomian glands.
These assessments help identify underlying causes such as Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD), blepharitis, or systemic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
💧 Treatment Strategies
1. Conservative Measures
Artificial Tears: Lubricating eye drops to alleviate dryness.
Preservative-Free Options: Recommended for frequent use to prevent ocular irritation.
Eyelid Hygiene: Regular cleaning to remove debris and reduce inflammation.
Warm Compresses: To liquefy and express obstructed meibum.
2. Advanced Therapies
LipiFlow Thermal Pulsation: A procedure that applies heat and pressure to unblock meibomian glands.
Punctal Plugs: Devices inserted into tear ducts to conserve tears and alleviate dryness.
Amniotic Membrane Therapy: Utilized for severe cases with significant corneal damage.
3. Lifestyle Modifications
Humidifiers: To maintain ambient moisture levels.
Protective Eyewear: Such as wraparound glasses to shield eyes from wind and pollutants.
Screen Time Management: Implementing the 20-20-20 rule to reduce digital eye strain.
Dietary Adjustments: Incorporating omega-3-rich foods like fatty fish and walnuts.
Note: This article is intended for informational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.
